Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Pictures American Kestrel

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American Kestrel - Colorful, Small, Populous in the Western Hemisphere

Kicau Nusantara The American kestrel is a small and very colorful falcon. It has large dark eyes, long wings and tail, with blue-gray wings and bright rusty coloring on its back, tail and head. Females are about 10% larger than males and have more barring than spots on their wings.
American Kestrel
They are the only kestrel that occupies the Western Hemisphere and are found from the Arctic circle to the tip of South America. They are one of North America's most populous birds of prey. They migrate seasonally to breeding zones and preferable climates. They may occasionally battle with other raptors (owls and hawks) and non-raptors like the northern flicker over good nesting sites.

The kestrel's diet varies by region. They hunt from a high perch and are also known for hovering. They eat a wide variety of large insects, rodents, like mice and voles, as well as a few birds and reptiles. They will store extra food in a "cache" location so they can come back later and continue eating. They have been known to rob the nests of smaller birds. http://www.factzoo.com
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Saturday, November 26, 2011

Myna in Kicau Nusantara

The Common Myna or Indian Myna (Acridotheres tristis) also sometimes spelled Mynah, is a member of family Sturnidae, (starlings and mynas) native to Asia. An omnivorous open woodland bird with a strong territorial instinct, the Myna has adapted extremely well to urban environments. The myna has been introduced in many other parts of the world and its distribution range is on the increase. It is a serious threat to the ecosystems of Australia. The Common Myna is an important motif in Indian culture and appears both in Sanskrit and Prakrit literature.

Description
The Common Myna
is readily identified by the brown body, black hooded head and the bare yellow patch behind the eye. The bill and legs are bright yellow. There is a white patch on the outer primaries and the wing lining on the underside is white. The sexes are similar and birds are usually seen in pairs.

The Common Myna obeys Gloger's rule in that the birds from northwest India tend to be paler than their darker counterparts in South India.

Morphometry / Morphometry

Body length:23 cms.
Parameter/sex Male Female
Average weight (gms) 109.8 120-138
Wing chord (mm) 138-153 138-147
Bill (mm) 25-30 25-28
Tarsus (mm) 34-42 35-41
Tail (mm) 81-95 79-96

Distribution

It is a species of bird native to Asia with its initial home range spanning from Iran, the entire South Asian subcontinent, including Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; as well as Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, to Malaysia, peninsular Thailand, Indo-China and China.

The Myna has been introduced in many other parts of the world such as Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, South Africa, and islands in the Indian Ocean (Seychelles, Mauritius, Maldives, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep archipelago and also in islands of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The range of the Common Myna is increasing to the extent that in 2000 the IUCN Species Survival Commission declared it among the World's 100 worst invasive species. The Myna is one of only three birds in this list of invasive species.[citation needed]

Taxonomy and subspecies
The Common Myna has two subspecies:

Acridotheres tristis tristis (Linnaeus, 1758). Widespread, including Sri Lanka.
A. t. melanosternus Legge, 1879. Endemic to Sri Lanka.
The subspecies melanosternus is darker than the nominate subspecies, has half-black and half-white primary coverts and has a larger yellow cheek-patch.

The type locality of the nominate subspecies is Pondicherry, India.

Behaviour / Vocalisation

Common Myna holding plastic in beak.

Turquoise blue-coloured egg of Common Myna.The calls includes croaks, squawks, chirps, clicks and whistles, and the bird often fluffs its feathers and bobs its head in singing. The Common Myna screeches warnings to its mate or other birds in cases of predators in proximity or when its about to take off flying. Common Mynas are popular as cage birds for their singing and "speaking" abilities. Before sleeping in communal roosts, mynas vocalise in unison which is called as "communal noise".
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Kicau Burung Nusantara Roosting behaviour

Kicau Burung Nusantara Roosting behaviour
Common Mynas roost communally throughout the year, either in pure or mixed flocks with Jungle Mynas, Rosy Starlings, House Crows, Jungle Crows, Cattle Egrets and Rose-ringed Parakeets and other birds. The roost population can range from less than one hundred to thousands. The time of arrival of Mynas at the roost starts before and ends just after sunset. The mynas depart before sunrise. The time and timespan of arrival and departure, time taken for final settlement at the roost, duration of communal sleep, flock size and population vary seasonally.
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The function of communal roosting is to synchronise various social activities, avoid predators, exchange information about food sources.

Communal displays (pre-roosting and post-roosting) comprise of aerial maneuvers which are exhibited in the pre-breeding season (November to March). It is assumed that this behaviour is related to pair formation.
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Habitat Hill Myna

Habitat Myna
This abundant passerine is typically found in open woodland, cultivation and around habitation. Although this is an adaptable species, its population has been decreasing significantly in Singapore and Malaysia (where it is locally called as gembala kerbau, literally 'buffalo shepherd') due to competition with its cousin, the introduced Javan Myna.

Urban success
The Common Myna thrives in urban and suburban environments; in Canberra, for instance, 110 Common Mynas were released between 1968 and 1971. By 1991, Common Myna population density in Canberra averaged 15 birds per square kilometer. Only three years later, a second study found an average population density of 75 birds per square kilometer in the same area.

The bird likely owes its success in the urban and suburban settings of Sydney and Canberra to its evolutionary origins; having evolved in the open woodlands of India, the Common Myna is pre-adapted to habitats with tall vertical structures and little to no vegetative ground cover, features characteristic of city streets and urban nature preserves.
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The Common Myna (along with European Starlings, House Sparrows, and feral Rock Doves) is a nuisance to city buildings; its nests block gutters and drainpipes, causing water damage to building exteriors.
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Hill Myna

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Friday, November 25, 2011

Brazilian Long-Nosed or Proboscis Bat


The Brazilian long-nosed bat got it's name for a reason - look at that snauz. A small bat known to fly in the night skies from Southern Mexico to Central Brazil, the Brazilian long-nosed bat is only 1.25-1.75 inches (3.5-4.5 cm) long, with a wingspan of just 4.75-6.25 inches (12-16 cm), and it is known for it's elongated snout. Also different from most other bats, are the tufts of gray hair on it's forearms. This helps them blend in with some of the gray, mossy trees of the region.

The Brazilian long-nosed bat is a slow flier, and therefore isn't equipped to hunt in the treetops (larger, faster birds would end up preying on them); so they have fallen into the habit of feeding on the insects that live on the surface of the ponds, lakes, and rivers over which they live.

They've been known to sometimes roost in rocky crevices, but mostly just cling to rocks or to concrete, where there color pattern lets them blend in, as if they were patches of lichen. Individuals bats will even roost at fairly large distances from one another in what appears to be an effort to enhance the effectiveness of their camouflage.

When Brazilian long-nosed bats are first born, their mothers will find a safe roost inside of a log or pile of stones and leave them their alone, but safe, until they are about two months old and able to fend for themselves.


The bats usually form colonies of 5-15 individuals but sometimes up to 40 or more. The groups normally include males, females and a dominant male who is the main defender of the roost and hunting zone.
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Brazilian Long-Nosed or Proboscis Bat

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Long Eared Bat

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Coming from Europe and Northern Africa the longer-eared bat has ears that are not just long but humongous. The bat's fuzzy little body is only about 2 inches (5 cm) long while the ears can be about an inch and a half (3.8 cm). The bat uses its ears to good effect to catch its favorite food - moths and other insects. For example, it can hear the sounds of moths wings that are covered with down for the exact purpose of deadening its sound so that it can fly in silence and escape predators. That doesn't fool the long-eared bat, it is still able to hear the wings of super-silent moths beating and hone in. It also uses its vision to hunt (to spy out and pluck insects off of tree bark), something not all bats use that much. In flight it usually flies with its ears directed forward to catch any incoming sounds. It is also known for its delicate flying, with the ability to hover.

If it is summer the bat will sleep out in the fresh open air on trees or in tree hollows. It will leave its roost well after sunset and thread its way through the thick forest trees feeding leisurely throughout the night, living mostly solitary. In the winter though it will find a nice cave to sleep through the winter clustering up with 8 to 12 other bats.
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Big Ears Come in Handy - Long-Eared Bat

Long-Eared Bat
Big Ears Come in Handy


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Honduran White Bat

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The Honduran White Bats also known as tent-making bats are a very rare sight indeed. Besides Honduras, they also live in other Central American countries - Panama, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. There are only 15 species of bats in the Americas (and another 3 species in Asia) known to make their roosts (tents/sleeping quarters) underneath the leaves of plants. Since the bats are tiny the home inside of the leaves gives good protection from the rain and possible predators and they look quite comfy in there. How do the manage to hang on to the stem upside down and sleep? Having white fur and yellow nose and skin is also extra rare for bats.
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Honduran White Bat - Tent Bat




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Tuesday, November 22, 2011

Kakapo

Kicau Burung Nusantara The kakapo is part of the parrot family although it isn't much like other parrots and is called an "owl parrot". It can be found on Stewart Island and a few other islands in New Zealand. It is the heaviest species in the parrot group and it is approximately 24 inches (64 cm) tall.
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For about 1,000 years the Kakapo has been losing territory due to habitat loss and threats from predators such as rats and ermines. It no longer lives on the other islands as it once did in New Zealand and there may be less than a hundred left in the wild but top priority has been given to preserve their existence.

Being such heavy parrots with stubby rounded wings, these birds do not fly, but they use their wings for balancing as they jump or climb.

During the daylight hours they usually rest in a crop of bushes or rocks or else in a burrow. Then, at sunset, they awaken and go out to feed. Their diet consists of berries, nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, seeds, fungi and moss.

Their mating ritual is quite unique for parrots. The males gather in common areas, called leks, dig out a little spot, prance around and make loud calls to attract the females. The female lays up to 3 eggs and she cares for the young on her own.
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Kakapo - Big Green Night Owl Parrot

 Kakapo - Big Green Night Owl Parrot
 Kakapo - Big Green Night Owl Parrot
 Kakapo - Big Green Night Owl Parrot
 Kakapo - Big Green Night Owl Parrot
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Monday, November 21, 2011

Taucan

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Sunday, November 20, 2011

Tropicbird

Tropicbird | The tropicbird is a large species of sea bird found nesting on the warmer cliffs and islands that dot our oceans. Despite having been thought to be closely related to other large sea birds such as pelicans, boobies and frigatebirds, the tropicbird has been recently classified in a group of it's own. There are three different species of tropicbird found throughout the tropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The exact range and location depends on the species of tropicbird, although all three species can be found in parts of all the major oceans.








Tropicbirds are large-sized birds ans can grow to up to a meter in height. The three different tropicbird species are the red-billed tropicbird, the red-tailed tropicbird and the white-tailed tropicbird, all of which are generally white in colour with long tail feathers, and thin spindly legs. Tropicbirds are known to catch their prey by plunging into the surface of the water in order to snap up their dinner. Away from their breeding colonies, tropicbirds are generally solitary animals usually seen hunting on their own or in a pair.



Like other sea birds, tropicbirds are carnivorous animals as they feed primarily on fish. The flying fish is a favourite meal for the tropicbird along with the occasional squid or crustacean. The method of hunting used by tropicbirds is known as plunge-diving, and is common practise for many sea birds. Due to their large size and airborne lifestyle, the tropicbird has few (if any) natural predators in it's environment. The primary predators of the tropicbird are small carnivores such as dogs, stouts and cats that have been introduced to areas by humans, and generally hunt the smaller tropicbird chicks.



Tropicbirds nest in dips, crevices and holes on the ground in large breeding colonies, usually found on cliff tops or small tropical islands. The female tropicbird lays a single egg, which hatches after being incubated by both parents for about 6 weeks. Both the male and female tropicbirds then feed their chick together until it fledges (flies away from the nest), at around 3 months old. Today, tropicbird populations still seem to be thriving as they have not come under threat from drastic habitat loss. However, the arrival of non-native species to islands and increasing levels of water pollution, both have an affect on tropicbird populations.
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Vultur

Vulture | The vulture is a large, carnivorous bird that is most well known for its scavenging nature. The vulture is one of the few types of bird that is found distributed so widely around the world, as vultures are found on every continent excluding the Antarctic and Australia and the islands that surround it. Different species of vultures of firstly classified into two groups, the old world vultures and the new world vultures. There are thought to be nearly 30 different species of vulture that are found worldwide.


The old world vultures are found in Asia, Europe and Africa with these species of vulture thought to be most closely related to eagles and hawks. The old world vulture is not thought to be closely related to the new world vulture and the old world vulture uses its spectacular sight alone in order to find food. The new world vultures are found in the Americas and although there are definitive similarities between the old world vulture and the new world vulture, they are believed to be connected through evolutionary status rather than DNA. The new world vultures tend to be slightly smaller than the old world vultures and use both sight and their excellent sense of smell in order to find their food.


All species of vulture are similar in the sense that they scavenge for their food whenever possible rather than killing it themselves. Vultures feed on the remains of dead animals and are never too fussy about what is left. Vultures are known to strip meat, skin and even feathers, leaving only the skeleton of the animal remaining. Although vultures are generally fairly solitary animals, groups of vultures are often seen circling prey from the sky above. This movement of the vultures is called a kettle and a group of vultures together is sometimes known as a venue.


Vultures have keen eyesight. It is believed they are able to spot a three-foot carcass from four miles away on the open plains. In some species, when an individual sees a carcass it begins to circle above it. This draws the attention of other vultures that then join in. The feces of the turkey vulture contains strong acids that kill many of the bacteria commonly associated with bird feces. Because of their diet, these birds are able to kill harmful bacteria and viruses with their stomach acids, and halt the potential spread of disease from rotting carcasses.
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Woodpecker

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The woodpecker has a distinctive long beak, which the woodpecker uses to make holes in trees. The woodpecker does this in order to dig out the grubs living under the bark. The average woodpecker is able to peck up to 20 pecks per second! The woodpecker is only able to peck so much and move it's head so quickly without getting a headache due to the air pockets that help to cushion the woodpecker's brain. Woodpeckers are omnivorous birds and feed on a mixture of plants and animals (mainly insects). The woodpecker eats seeds, berries, fruits, nuts and bugs but the exact species of the woodpecker's food depends upon the area which the woodpecker inhabits. Due to their generally small size, woodpeckers have numerous predators in their natural environment that not only prey upon the woodpecker itself but also the woodpecker's eggs. The main predators of the woodpecker include wild cats, foxes, rats. snakes and large birds although many other species of animal will prey on the woodpecker too.

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Most species of woodpecker inhabit forest and woodland areas although oddly enough, there are a few species of woodpecker that live in areas such as deserts and on hillsides, where there are no trees at all. These few woodpecker species still behave in a similar way and nest in holes in rocks and in plants such as cacti. Many of the 200 species of woodpecker on Earth, are today considered to be threatened or endangered animals. This is mainly due to the deforestation that is occurring on mass across the world, meaning that woodpeckers are losing their homes.

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Woodpeckers often have quite brightly coloured feathers although the exact colours of the woodpecker's feather depend on the woodpecker species. The brightly coloured feathers of the woodpecker which are often greens, browns, whites, reds and greys, help the woodpecker to camouflage more effectively into the surrounding forest. Woodpeckers make their nests in trees and excavate the hole themselves. Woodpeckers do not usually line the nest as the wood chippings that are there from when the woodpecker made the hole, act as a soft lining. The female woodpecker lays between 3 and 5 eggs that hatch after an incubation period of just a couple of weeks. The woodpecker chicks usually leave the nest when they are about a month old. Both the female woodpecker and the male woodpecker actively feed and raise the young, incubate the eggs and make the hole for the nest. http://true-wildlife.blogspot.com
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